Shakemap is a system for rapidly identifying extend and distribution of ground shaking, shakemaps are identified by either quantitative measures in term of Peak Ground Acceleration or Peak Ground Velocity, or shaking can be measured in qualitative measures as felt Intensity. Seismosoft application utilized to obtain the graphs of acceleration, velocity, and displacement time histories for three components, in addition to determine the important parameters to characterize the amplitude, frequency content, and duration of the selected ground motion. Based on the greatest number of repetition and different events, ten compatible ground motions with earthquake name and NGA record number are selected: Gazli_Ussr (#126), Imperial Vally_06 (#183), El Mayor-Cucapah_Maxico (#5827), Christchurch_New Zealand (#8124), Imperial Valley (#6), Darfield_NewZealand (#6893), Duzce Turkey (#1602), Northridge_01 (#1082), Loma Prieta (#761), and Spitak_Armenia (#730). Four sets of ground motion selection and modification methods proposed to obtain fifteen records, where each record scaled and matched with the defined target spectra and seismic characteristics in Erbil city. The real records obtained from the online database Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Next Generation Attenuation. The central objective of this study is to obtain a compatible input ground motion within the seismicity of Erbil city since which is considered an essential component of seismic risk evaluation and vulnerability studies. For new buildings that will be constructed in the city, the local authority should provide strict enforcement regarding seismic regulations by employing the up-to-date seismic code or updated draft concerning the north corner of the Arabian plate.Įrbil city characterized by the risk of earthquakes generated by Zagros-Taurus Belt. It was ended that there is an urgent need for seismic retrofit and strengthening for the reference building structures to reduce their seismic losses. It was concluded that the selected reference buildings are significantly vulnerable under expected seismic, moreover, the presence of the infill walls, seismic pounding, and possible combination of vertical and horizontal irregularities have significantly increased the insufficiencies under the seismic events. Appropriately, a set of ten earthquake records were selected to represent the potential earthquake scenarios that were concluded above, with PGA range from 0.19g to 0.74g. The study of seismicity asserted that the maximum expected earthquake Mw is between 6 and 7.5, peak ground acceleration (PGA) has been identified by 0.25g and 0.4g for a return period of 475 years and 2475 years, respectively, in a term of 5% damped at bedrock condition, spectral acceleration was proposed as well as by considering the recommended value in literature, that was evaluated with 1g and 0.53g for the site class D at Ss and S1, respectively. Inelastic pushover and over 900 incremental dynamic analyses are performed to evaluate seismic vulnerability for the selected reference structures so that the actual response analyzed with studying the influences regarding the presence of infilling masonry panels, seismic pounding, and identifying possible irregularities in the vertical and horizontal direction. Consequently, seismic vulnerability assessment of existing building structures has been conducted that representing contemporary buildings including Commercial, Hotel, and Residential building, in addition to Hospital building, which represents the emergency facility and pre-seismic code by employing detailed archetypes in finite-based modeling. An important role in the recovery period following an earthquake is also performed by emergency response facilities. The existing buildings may be at risk since constructed with limited knowledge regarding the seismicity and without seismic code regulations. Besides, the collapse of building structures during recent earthquakes, especially, in the northern and eastern of Greater Kurdistan (i.e., the 2011 Van earthquake the 2017 Iran-Iraq border earthquake near Halabja the 2020 Elazig and Malatya earthquake), furthermore, the rapid developments in Erbil city along with the repeated seismic activity has raised concerns regarding the safety of existing building structures. Erbil city is located in the northern corner of the Arabian plate where essentially suffers from the risk of earthquakes generated by Zagros-Taurus Belt.
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